A complete guide to payment processing fees

Understand how payment processing fees and interchange rates impact your margins. Learn the difference between blended and IC++ pricing to optimise your business costs.

Understand how payment processing fees and interchange rates impact your margins. Learn the difference between blended and IC++ pricing to optimise your business costs.

Running an ecommerce business involves many moving parts, and managing costs like payment processing fees is often at the top of the list. These fees represent the cost of moving money from your customer to your business account securely and efficiently.

Ever feel like payment processing fees are a black box? You aren’t alone. Many business owners find the complex web of rates and regulations overwhelming. However, by understanding how these payment processing rates are structured, you can optimise your payment acceptance rate and directly influence your profit margins.

Card payment processing requires coordination between various third parties: the cardholder’s bank, the card scheme like Visa or Mastercard, and the acquirer – the institution that secures the funds for you. When payment providers set an online processing fee, they factor in the costs from all these players.

The two most common ways these costs are packaged are blended pricing and Interchange++ (IC++). The main difference lies in transparency and the extent to which you see the behind-the-scenes costs. 

In this article, we will help you answer the most common questions about payment processing fees and identify the right pricing model for your business growth.

What are payment processing fees?

A payment processing fee is the total cost a business pays to handle a transaction. Every time a customer clicks “buy” on your site, a digital handshake occurs among several financial institutions to ensure funds move securely from their account to yours.

For most businesses, this fee isn’t a single flat rate but a combination of costs. Typically, it appears as a percentage of the transaction value plus a small fixed fee, such as 1.2% + £0.20. This covers the security, technology, and banking communication required to complete the sale.

When you look at a credit card processing fee, you are essentially paying for three things:

  • Interchange fee: the cost charged by the bank that issued the card

  • Card scheme fee: charged by the network the card runs on

  • Processing fee: the cost that the acquirer or payment service provider (PSP) charges you for using their services

Understanding interchange fees

The interchange fee is often the largest component of your total cost, typically accounting for 70% to 85%. It is simply the fee that the cardholder’s bank (the issuer) charges the acquirer to cover fraud risk and transaction processing costs.

How do interchange fees work?

Each time a customer makes a purchase, the acquirer pays the issuing bank an interchange fee. The acquirer then passes this cost back to you as part of your overall processing fee.

The actual cost can vary based on hundreds of factors, including:

  • Country of card issue

  • Business location

  • Type of card used (debit, credit, or commercial)

  • Security processes used (such as 3D Secure)

Interchange fees by card scheme

The Visa and Mastercard interchange fee rates are regulated in many regions, but vary by card tier. For example, an interchange fee for a consumer debit card is significantly cheaper for the business to process than a premium credit card that offers rewards. This is because banks charge higher fees on rewards cards to fund the perks they offer cardholders.

The following table outlines the headline domestic interchange rates for the UK and EEA as of 2026. Note that capped rates refer to consumer cards regulated by the Interchange Fee Regulation (IFR), while premium and business cards remain uncapped and vary by specific card tier.

Card scheme

Consumer debit (EEA/UK cap)

Consumer credit (EEA/ UK cap)

Business/ premium card

Visa

0.2%

0.3%

Variable (often 1.5%)

Mastercard

0.2%

0.3%

Variable (often 1.5%)

American Express (Amex)

Not capped

Not capped

High (network set)

*Note: Amex typically operates a closed-loop system where it acts as both the network and the bank. Their fees are calculated based on the Merchant Category Codes (MCC) and transaction volume rather than standard IFR caps.

Interchange fees vs processing fees

It is easy to confuse interchange and processing fees, but they serve different purposes. 

The interchange fee is the largest portion of the cost and is retained by the customer’s bank (the issuer) to cover the risks of processing the payment. Meanwhile, the processing fee is what you pay your payment service provider (PSP) for services such as technology, security, and support. This fee includes a markup that covers the provider’s costs of managing your funds and operating their service.

The card scheme fee is paid directly to networks like Visa or Mastercard for the use of their global infrastructure.

The two main pricing models for payment processing

To manage your card costs, payment service providers package these fees in three main ways: blended and interchange++ (IC++).

Blended pricing

With blended pricing, you pay a single, fixed fee for every transaction of a given type, regardless of the underlying costs. The payment provider absorbs all interchange and scheme fees, adds its markup, and averages them into a single flat rate.

  • The benefit: It is simple, predictable, and remarkably easy to reconcile. You always know exactly what you will pay for a transaction before it even happens, which makes business forecasting much easier. Many businesses prefer this because it protects them from sudden increases in card scheme charges or the complexity of tracking hundreds of different interchange rates.

  • The trade-off: Less transparency. You see only a single total cost, not a breakdown of what the bank charged versus what the provider retained. In some cases, if your customers use low-cost basic debit cards, you might pay slightly more than the actual cost of that specific transaction.

At Mollie, we offer this to many businesses because it provides uncomplicated pricing. You can see how this works on our Mollie pricing page (under standard pricing).  

Interchange++ (IC++) pricing 

The Interchange++ pricing model is a more granular billing model. It breaks down each charge into three parts: the interchange fee (to the bank), the card scheme fee (to Visa/Mastercard, first +), and the provider’s markup (the processing fee, second +).

  • The benefit: Total transparency. You know exactly how much you are paying to each party in the chain. If a transaction has a lower interchange rate, such as a domestic consumer debit card, those savings are passed directly to you. This model allows you to see the impact of different card types on your bottom line. In 2026, this model is useful for capturing new incentives, such as fee reductions for high-quality data (e.g., IP addresses and device IDs).

  • The trade-off: It is significantly more complex. Your monthly statements will be lengthy and detailed, making reconciliation more time-consuming. Because interchange rates vary by card type and region, your costs will fluctuate each month, making forecasting more difficult.

Blended pricing vs Interchange++: Which one is suitable for your business?

When to choose blended pricing

  • Predictable margins: If you want to know your exact profit on every sale without having to check which card the customer used, blended pricing is for you.

  • International sales: If you regularly process cross-border transactions, blended pricing can be more cost-effective, as the provider absorbs the highest interchange fees.

  • Low administrative overhead: The predictable rates offered by blended pricing make it easier to estimate monthly costs for payment transactions and to conduct accurate business forecasting. This is more ideal for businesses that don’t have a dedicated finance team to reconcile complex statements.

  • No extra fees: Unlike Interchange++, the blended pricing model charges only for successful transactions. For small businesses with limited budgets, this pricing model is ideal. 

When to choose Interchange++ (IC++)

  • High domestic volume: If the vast majority of your sales come from local customers using basic consumer cards, IC++ can be cheaper as you benefit directly from the lower capped interchange rates.

  • Transparency and data: IC++ makes it easy for businesses to see exactly what they are being charged for. By better understanding individual costs, you can make more informed decisions on pricing policies for specific markets or use marketing to encourage customers to use payment options with lower processing fees.

  • Technical maturity: Choose this model only if you have the accounting tools or personnel to manage complex, variable monthly invoices.

To help you decide on the best pricing model, we have compiled the key differences in the table below.

Feature/ Pricing model

Blended pricing 

Interchange++

Transparency 

Low: all fees are bundled together 

High: Detailed breakdown of the fees

Cost predictability 

High (Consistent, easy to forecast)

Low: Varies based on card types and network

Cost efficiency

Usually higher

Potentially lower

Fee structure

Fixed percentage (+ potential fixed fee)

Interchange + Scheme + Markup

Administration 

Low effort

High: Requires monitoring and analysis

Ideal card mix 

High-risk/international cards

High-volume debit/domestic cards.

Best for

Small businesses, SMEs, simple operations

High-volume/enterprise businesses

Seamless payment processing with Mollie

At Mollie, we provide an effortless payment solution that helps you accept more than 25 leading payment methods and offers a conversion-optimised checkout. We offer all this with transparent pricing and no lock-in contract.

By choosing Mollie, you benefit from:

  • Uncomplicated fees: Straightforward, predictable costs for every payment you receive.

  • Predictable growth: Tools designed to help you navigate regulatory changes and boost conversion.

  • Human support: A partner that helps you grow rather than just a technical service.

Ready to simplify your costs and scale your business? Find out more about payments with Mollie today.

Frequently asked questions on payment processing

Why are some payment processing fees higher than others? 

Fees fluctuate based on risk and distance. A domestic debit card transaction is low risk and highly regulated, so it is cheaper. A cross-border transaction using a commercial credit card with a rewards programme is more expensive because the issuing bank and the card scheme charge higher fees to cover the increased risk and overheads.

What is the average interchange fee in the UK and EU? 

For consumer cards in the EEA and the UK, interchange fees are generally capped at 0.2% for debit cards and 0.3% for credit cards. However, for non-consumer (business) cards or inter-regional transactions, these rates can rise significantly, often exceeding 1.15%.

Is Interchange++ always cheaper than blended pricing? 

Not necessarily. While IC++ allows you to benefit from low domestic rates, a blended pricing model can be cheaper for businesses that handle many international or premium card payments, as the provider absorbs the high interchange spikes into a flat rate.

Do I have to pay fees on failed transactions? 

With a blended pricing model, you typically only pay for successful transactions. Under an Interchange++ model, you may still incur small card scheme fees for authentication or 3D Secure verification even if the payment does not ultimately go through.

What is interchange fee regulation in the UK and EU?

In the European Economic Area (EEA), the interchange fee regulation (IFR) introduced in 2015 brought clarity to the market. To promote competition and lower costs for businesses, the interchange fee cap was set at:

  • 0.2% for consumer debit cards

  • 0.3% for consumer credit cards

While these caps keep costs low in the EEA, the UK now follows its own domestic regulation post-Brexit. 

Following the post-Brexit surge, where cross-border fees jumped to 1.15% and 1.5%, the UK’s Payment Systems Regulator (PSR) recently won a landmark legal battle. This clears the way for a new price cap on UK-EEA cross-border fees to protect merchants from high costs. Today, the UK IFR regulates interchange fees within Britain, though transactions involving cards from outside Europe can still incur much higher rates. Therefore, businesses should stay close to their payment providers to see how these regulatory shifts impact their specific payment processing rates.

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MollieGrowthA complete guide to payment processing fees
MollieGrowthA complete guide to payment processing fees
MollieGrowthA complete guide to payment processing fees
MollieGrowthA complete guide to payment processing fees